Life Cycle Costing: Evaluate Sustainability Outcomes for Building and Construction Sector

Life-cycle cost (LCC) is the sum of all costs related to the life cycle of a building from investment to its deconstruction.  For a sustainable building, it is anticipated that the environmental impacts associated with the design, construction, and operation of this building are lower than conventional construction.  LCC is typically used for assessing energy efficiency or determining energy impacts in building projects.  Comprehensive life-cycle costing is recognized through life-cycle sustainability assessment (LCSA), which comprises the three measurement techniques of environmental life-cycle assessment (LCA), environmental life-cycle costing (LCC), and social LCA (SLCA).  Despite the limitations of scope, LCC is an effective approach for assessing SDG-targeted sustainability outcomes.