Banking & Finance

What are lease payments in advance and in arrears?

Payment in advance is a payment structure in which lease payment is due and payable at the beginning of each payment period during the lease term, primarily to protect the lessor b...


What are lease installments?

A given scheduled payment made by a lessee to a lessor of an amount of a leased asset’s acquisition cost (principal), interest and any insurance premium and other costs according t...


What are lease end-of-term, early-termination and buyout options?

An end-of-term option (ETO) is the right of the lessee in a noncancellable finance lease to purchase or continue using a leased asset at the end of the lease term as specified in t...


What are lead arrangers?

Loan syndication starts with the borrower awarding the mandate to one or more arrangers to syndicate the financing.  The lead arranger is a commercial or investment bank that is ma...


What are intercreditor agreements?

An intercreditor agreement (ICA) is a contractual document separate to the underlying financing agreement that regulates the respective rights and ranking of the signatory creditor...


What are intercompany transactions?

An intercompany transaction is a transaction between affiliated companies (i.e., between a parent company and one of its subsidiaries or between a parent’s subsidiaries).  The tran...


What are insolvency proceedings?

Insolvency proceedings are the collective judicial or administrative proceedings conducted under insolvency law in which the assets and affairs of insolvent debtors are subject to...


What are high-yield bonds?

Bonds and notes have been a staple of leveraged finance in the United States since the early 1980s.  They are high-yield (speculative‑grade), with an S&P’s or Fitch rating of B...


What are frozen and flexible GAAP?

A loan agreement may require specification of whether original financial statements are prepared under IFRS or a local (national) GAAP and may establishes whether the financial sta...


What are fixed and floating liens?

A lien can be either fixed or floating: Fixed lien – A lien on a specific fixed-asset (e.g., equipment or land) to secure the repayment of a loan, it attaching the asset until the...


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